Ç°Ììµ½×ÔȻʷ²©Îï¹Ý¿´Ä«Î÷¸ç£¬¿´µ½ÕâÒ»×éVeracruz Style¡£¿´À´VeracruzºÜÓÐЩ
ÔìÐÍ£¬ÔÀ´¶¼ÊÇ´òÇòÓõģ¿µÚÒ»×éYoke£¬»¤ÔÚÑü²¿»÷Çò£¬ÊµÐÄÏðƤÇò¾Ý˵Óа˰õÖØ£¬
²»ÐíÓÃÊÖÓýÅÀ´µÄ¡£ÎÒ»¹ÊÇÇãÏòÓÚ´òÊäµÄÒ»·½Ê×ÁìÒªÏ×¼À¡£
ÕâÀïÊÇÒ»·ùÂêÑűڻ£¬ÊÇTikal³öÍÁµÄ£º
ÕâÊÇChich¨¦n Itz¨¢µÄBall court£º
Frog Yoke
Jaguar Yoke
& Hachas:
Fish Hacha, 7th¨C10th century
Mexico, Veracruz
Stone, shell, pigment
&& Palmas:
Two palmas, characteristic of Classic Veracruz culture. Height: 18 in. (45 cm).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classic_Veracruz
- posted on 01/25/2011
ÕâÈýÖÖÔÎï¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈý¸ö´Ê»¹ÕÒ²»µ½ºÏÊʵĺºÒë¡£ÎÒ°ÑÕâЩ¾«Ê¯Æ÷ÍæÒâ¶ùµÄÓ¦Óõã
Ò»µã£¬ÔÀ´¶¼ÊÇ´òÇòµÄ£º
Three kinds of objects - frequently decorated with scroll motifs - have been
recovered in great abundance in Mesoamerica:Yokes, palmas, and hachas. Most of
them come from Veracruz, but at both Palenque and Cop¨¢n, Veracruz ballgame
paraphernalia were found in a context contemporary with the abandonment of these
sites. A similar tradition thrived in Guatemala, along the Pacific coast. The players on
the South Ballcourt relief seem to show how at least two of these objects were
worn. Yokes were fitted around the waist, attached sideways. Despite the doubt
cast on whether these cumbersome stone objects could ever have been worn (the
weight must certainly have altered a player¡¯s center of gravity), they were probably
manageable for a skilled athlete. Palmas were inserted into the yokes at waist-level
and extended to mid-chest height. Hachas may have served as markers for play. The
scrollwork of the yokes is sometimes exceptionally fine and complex, and often the
design cannot be understood until completely drawn out. Some motifs emphasize
themes of the ballgame itself.
Carved panel, South Ballcourt, El Taj¨ªn. An unfortunate loser at the ballgame is being
sacrificed by two victors while a third looks on. A death god descends from the
skyband above to take the offering(×ó±ßδÀ¨-xw). Late Classic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Taj%C3%ADn
Ò»°ãÖÐÎÄÊÀ½çÄÃÂêÑÅÎÄ»¯¶ÀÁ¢Ì¸£¬ÆäʵÔÚÖÐÃÀÖÞÎÄ»¯¹ØÁª½ôÃÜ¡£ÔÚ×ÔȻʷ²©Îï¹Ý²éѯ
ÂêÑÅ·½ÃæµÄÊ飬ÎÒÊÖÍ·Õâ±¾The Art of Mesoamerica£¬»¹ÓÐMillerµÄ¼¸±¾Ê飬¶¼ºÜ¾
µä£¬ÒѶ©ÁËMaya Art and Architecture£¬·âÃæÈÃÎÒÏëÆðÂêÑŵIJÊÌÕ£¬¸ÄÌùÔÙÁÄ°É¡£
An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya
Ò²ÊÇÒ»±¾ºÜºÃµÄÂêÑÅÎÄ»¯¾µä¡£
The Maya, Seventh Edition (Ancient Peoples and Places) [Michael D. Coe]
Reading the Maya Glyphs, Second Edition [Michael D. Coe, Mark Van Stone]
»¹ÓÐÓëLinda ScheleºÏÖøµÄThe Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya
Art£¬ µ±È»Àë²»¿ªScheleÄDZ¾Paperback£¬the Forest of Kings.
Õâ±¾°¢æ©Ìáµ½¹ý¡£ÁÐÕâЩÊéÄ¿£¬µ±È»¸øÁËÒ»¸öÂêÑÅÖÐÃÀÎÄ»¯µÄÂÖÀª£¬¶ÁÒ»¶Á±ÈÖÐÎÄÊÀ
½çÄÇЩµÀÌý;˵ҪºÃ¡£ÖÂÓÚ¸ü¹ÅһЩµÄÊé¼®£¬Ê²Ã´À¼´ïµÄÓÈ¿¨Ì¹·çÎïÖ¾£¬¼øÊé(Popol
Vuh)£¬Stephens/CatherwoodÓμǣ¬¶¼¹ÅµäÁËһЩ¡£»¹Óиü¹ÅµäµÄ(ÂêÑÅ°ÍÀ¼ÆõÀ¼
²¢²»¹Å)£¬»¹ÓÐËı¾Codex£¬½öÓеÄËı¾£º
The Dresden Codex
The Grolier Codex
The Madrid Codex
The Paris Codex
http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/marhenke.html
- posted on 01/26/2011
ÔÙÉϼ¸¼þÂêÑŲÊÌÕ°É£¬¿´×źÜÖ±¹Û£¬½ü¿´µÄ»°£¬ÕæÓÐÏ£À°¹ÅÌÕµÄÁéÀö£º
Chama Style Vessel
Painted Classic Period vase from Sacul in Guatemala
Mayan vase depicting a costumed noble; burial offering. Late classical period (600-900 CE). Cop¨¢n, Honduras.
Painting on the Lord of the jaguar pelt throne vase, a scene of the Maya court, 700-800 AD
Codex plate
Basal flange turtle bird
- posted on 02/14/2011
½ñÌìÔÚ²©Îï¹ÝÔÙ¿´Ò»Ð©ÂêÑŵIJÊÌÕ£¬ÔÙÉϼ¸ÕÅͼƬ£º
Plate with Trumpeter
Date
8th century
Geography
Guatemala or Mexico, Mesoamerica
Vessel, Throne Scene
Date
late 7th¨C8th century
Geography
Guatemala, Mesoamerica
Lidded Vessel
Date
3rd¨C4th century
Geography
Guatemala, Mesoamerica
Jar, Ritual Scenes
Date
8th¨C9th century
Geography
Guatemala or Mexico, Mesoamerica
&
Pedestal Bowl
Date
13th¨C16th century
Culture
Guanacaste-Nicoya
Geography
Costa Rica
- posted on 03/07/2011
ÕâЩÌì¿´µÄÓйØÂêÑÅÎÄ»¯µÄÊ飬×î½â»³µÄ»¹ÊÇLinda Schele & Mary Ellen MillerÖø
µÄBlood of Kings£¬±ÈÄDZ¾Forest of Kings¶ÌСÑÏË࣬»·ù´ó£¬·ÖµÄÕ½ÚÒ²ºÃ¡£×ò
Íí¶Áµ½µÚÁùÕ£¬The Ballgame£¬ÌرðÐÑÄ¿£¬²»Óɵò»ÔÙÐøÒ»Ìù£º
The Maya ballgame is a subject of Endless fascination, perhaps because
elements of the game are familiar yet shrouded in mystery. It was a dangerous
sport that required the skillful manipulation of a heavy rubber ball and that
frequently led to the sacrifice of the defeated. From the second millennium
B.C. to the present, some sort of contest with a rubber ball has been played
by Mesoamericans. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, a ballgame
was played from the northern part of South Amerca to the American
Southwest. The ballgame so intrigued Europeans at the time of the conquest
that Cortes took a troupe of players to Europe in 1528, where they performed
in royal courts. Once the rubber ball was introduced to the Old World,
it spawned the development of modern games that employed balls that
bounce, rather than ones that used hard wooden or leather balls.
Aztec ullamaliztli players performing for Charles V in Spain, drawn by
Christoph Weiditz in 1528.
ÔÀ´ÏðƤÇòÖ®×æÔ´ÓëÏð½ºÒ»Ñù£¬ÊÇÖÐÃÀÖÞ¡£ÇòÈüÒ²ÊÇÂêÑÅÈ˵ÄÓéÀÖ£¬Ïà±È¹ÅÂÞÂíµÄ½Ç
¶·£¬¶¼ËµÖÐÃÀÖÞѪÐÈ(ÈËÉü)£¬ÔÀ´±ÈÈü³¡ÉϱÈÂÞÂíϵÎÄÃ÷»¹ÓéÀÖÓëÎÄÃ÷¡£
Probably because of our interest in modern ballgames, many of which have a
potential for violence, contemporay Western societies have long been drawn
to the Precolumbian ballgame. In it, human sacrifice was overt rather than
suppressed. Just as in warfare, the Precolumbian ballgame makes death the
final step in play, defining victory or defeat in stark terms.
Ballplayer painting from the Tepantitla murals.
Sak Ch’een, lord of Motul de San Jose c.8th century, dressed as a ball player
with a large yoke, painted deerskin hip guards, and elaborate headdress. He is
dropping onto his knee to strike the ball, which is probably exaggerated to huge
proportions.
ÏðƤÇòʵÐÄ£¬ÖØԼʮ°õ¡£Çò³ýÁË·¢ÇòÓÃÊÖÍ⣬¶¼²»µÃÓÃÊÖÓë½Å£¬Íβ¿×îµÃÁ¦£¬Ê¹ÓÃ
ÌâÊ×¹¤¾ß¡£´ËÇòµ¯ÐԺܺ㬱ÈÈü¾¡Á¿±ÜÃâÇò×ŵأ¬·ñÔò¾ÍûȤÁË¡£ÓÐ˵´ËÇòÈüµÄ·¢
Ã÷ÊÇÎÒÁíÒ»ÌùÌáµÄÄܸɵÄÓ¢ÐÛË«ÐÖµÜHero Twins: Hunahpu & Xbalanque......
A modern Sinaloa ulama player, similar to that worn by Aztec players.
ÇòÈüËÆÔÚ×ãÇòÓëÅÆÇòÖ®¼ä¡£
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